Systems and Diseases 2
A.Y. 2025/2026
Learning objectives
- To give the information for the anamnestic collection
- To give the information for a medical examination
- To give the know how on the pathophysiology, symptoms, clinical signs and diagnostic background relative to the diseases explained during the SPA2 lessons.
- To give the information for a medical examination
- To give the know how on the pathophysiology, symptoms, clinical signs and diagnostic background relative to the diseases explained during the SPA2 lessons.
Expected learning outcomes
- Knowledge and understanding of clinical presentations found in the most common rheumatologic diseases.
- Ability to apply knowledge of clinical features of the studied diseases to clinical reasoning. By the end of the course, students should be able to formulate a diagnostic hypothesis based on the key epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features presented by the most common rheumatologic conditions.
- Students are expected to communicate their clinical reasoning and any diagnostic strategy clearly and systematically, using the specific medical terminology of the rheumatology field.
- Students are expected to deepen their understanding of the topics covered in class with scientific reasoning, starting from the clinical-diagnostic concepts introduced during the course.
- Ability to apply knowledge of clinical features of the studied diseases to clinical reasoning. By the end of the course, students should be able to formulate a diagnostic hypothesis based on the key epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features presented by the most common rheumatologic conditions.
- Students are expected to communicate their clinical reasoning and any diagnostic strategy clearly and systematically, using the specific medical terminology of the rheumatology field.
- Students are expected to deepen their understanding of the topics covered in class with scientific reasoning, starting from the clinical-diagnostic concepts introduced during the course.
Lesson period: First semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Prerequisites for admission
Knowledges related to the respiratory system anatomy, physiology and pathology in addition to the mechanisms linked to the lung and other functional and anatomical systems.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The assessment test will be done with a regular section regularly booked.
The test wiil be structured by an oral examination. The used tests will be focus on all the four course topics treated in the SPA2 course.
The test wiil be structured by an oral examination. The used tests will be focus on all the four course topics treated in the SPA2 course.
Respiratory diseases
Course syllabus
Respiratory Diagnostic Tests, with a particularly focus on spirometry and blood gas analysis.
Invasive Respiratory diagnostic tests: bronchoscopy and all the sample collection methods.
Chronic bronchitis and COPD
Bronchial asthma
Bronchiectasis, Cystic Fibrosis, Alfa-1 deficiency
Aute and chronic respiratory failure
Pneumoniae
Tubercolosis
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Sarcoidosis
Respiratory sleep disorders
Smoking cessation
Pleural effusions
Pulmonary Trombo Embolism (PTE)
Invasive Respiratory diagnostic tests: bronchoscopy and all the sample collection methods.
Chronic bronchitis and COPD
Bronchial asthma
Bronchiectasis, Cystic Fibrosis, Alfa-1 deficiency
Aute and chronic respiratory failure
Pneumoniae
Tubercolosis
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Sarcoidosis
Respiratory sleep disorders
Smoking cessation
Pleural effusions
Pulmonary Trombo Embolism (PTE)
Teaching methods
Course the teaching way will be performer by the formal lessons, clinical cases and diagnostic tests discussion and with the clinical training in hospital
Teaching Resources
L. Allegra, F. Blasi, S. G.W. Canonica, Centanni, G. Girbino. Malattie Respiratorie L'Essenziale. Ed. Elsevier Masson.
Gastroenterology
Course syllabus
Signs and symptoms in gastroenterology (nausea / vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain)
Digestive bleeding
Functional esophageal disorders
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Neoplasms of the esophagus
Dyspepsia
Gastritis
Peptic ulcer and H. pylori infection
Stomach neoplasms.
Celiac disease and malabsorption.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis)
Colonic polyps and colorectal cancer
Irritable bowel syndrome.
Diverticula and diverticular disease of the colon
Fistulas and perianal disease
Alcoholic liver disease and NASH
Cirrhosis and complications
Hemochromatosis. Wilson's disease, Primitive Sclerosant Cholangitis. Primary biliary cirrhosis. Autoimmune hepatitis
Benign focal hepatic lesions
Primary (hepatocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma) and secondary neoplasms of the liver
Jaundice and cholestasis
Cholelithiasis
Neoplasms of the gallbladder and biliary tract
Acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis.
Cancer of the pancreas.
Digestive bleeding
Functional esophageal disorders
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Neoplasms of the esophagus
Dyspepsia
Gastritis
Peptic ulcer and H. pylori infection
Stomach neoplasms.
Celiac disease and malabsorption.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis)
Colonic polyps and colorectal cancer
Irritable bowel syndrome.
Diverticula and diverticular disease of the colon
Fistulas and perianal disease
Alcoholic liver disease and NASH
Cirrhosis and complications
Hemochromatosis. Wilson's disease, Primitive Sclerosant Cholangitis. Primary biliary cirrhosis. Autoimmune hepatitis
Benign focal hepatic lesions
Primary (hepatocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma) and secondary neoplasms of the liver
Jaundice and cholestasis
Cholelithiasis
Neoplasms of the gallbladder and biliary tract
Acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis.
Cancer of the pancreas.
Teaching methods
Course the teaching way will be performed by the formal lessons, clinical cases and diagnostic tests discussion and with the clinical training in hospital
Teaching Resources
Manuale Unigastro - Malattie dell'apparato Digerente ed. 2022-2025
https://colmadunigastro.it/didattica/manuale
https://colmadunigastro.it/didattica/manuale
Endocrinology
Course syllabus
To recognize the specific signs and symptoms of : Diabetes (type I and II)
Acute and chronic diabetes complications
Hypoglicemia
Hypothalamic-Pituitary tumors, panhypopituitarims
Hyper-and hypocortisolism
Hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism
Hypogonadism (female and male)
To select the best diagnostic option to make the differential diagnosis in:
Hyperglicemia
Nodular thyroid diseases
Pituitary adenomas
Amenorrhea
Hyper- or hypoadrenalism
Hypogonadism (female and male)
Hirsutism
Endocrine hyperthension
Acute and chronic diabetes complications
Hypoglicemia
Hypothalamic-Pituitary tumors, panhypopituitarims
Hyper-and hypocortisolism
Hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism
Hypogonadism (female and male)
To select the best diagnostic option to make the differential diagnosis in:
Hyperglicemia
Nodular thyroid diseases
Pituitary adenomas
Amenorrhea
Hyper- or hypoadrenalism
Hypogonadism (female and male)
Hirsutism
Endocrine hyperthension
Teaching methods
Course the teaching way will be performed by the formal lessons, clinical cases and diagnostic tests discussion and with the clinical training in hospital
Teaching Resources
Harrison's principles of Internal Medicine; Faglia G et al. Core curriculum Endocrinologia e metabolismo
Rheumatology
Course syllabus
1. Classification of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases of medical interest.
2. Clinical semiology in rheumatology.
3. Laboratory diagnostics in relation to the most common rheumatologic diseases: indications, sensitivity, and specificity of major autoantibodies, especially regarding diagnosis and monitoring; understanding of key hematic abnormalities and their correct diagnostic interpretation within the context of rheumatologic diseases.
4. Imaging diagnostics in rheumatology: indications of musculoskeletal ultrasound and its integration with radiological imaging techniques in clinical practice.
5. Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of major inflammatory arthropathies: rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, infectious and post-infectious arthritis.
6. Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of major crystal arthropathies: gout and calcium crystal deposition diseases.
7. Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of major connective tissue diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, Sjögren's syndrome, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, undifferentiated connective tissue disease, dermatomyositis/polymyositis.
8. Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of systemic vasculitides: giant cell arteritis, ANCA-associated vasculitis, Behçet's disease, polyarteritis nodosa, mixed cryoglobulinemia.
9. Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of major extra-articular rheumatism: fibromyalgia syndrome, localized articular rheumatism.
10. Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of osteoporosis.
11. Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of osteoarthritis.
12. Introduction to autoinflammatory diseases.
2. Clinical semiology in rheumatology.
3. Laboratory diagnostics in relation to the most common rheumatologic diseases: indications, sensitivity, and specificity of major autoantibodies, especially regarding diagnosis and monitoring; understanding of key hematic abnormalities and their correct diagnostic interpretation within the context of rheumatologic diseases.
4. Imaging diagnostics in rheumatology: indications of musculoskeletal ultrasound and its integration with radiological imaging techniques in clinical practice.
5. Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of major inflammatory arthropathies: rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, infectious and post-infectious arthritis.
6. Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of major crystal arthropathies: gout and calcium crystal deposition diseases.
7. Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of major connective tissue diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, Sjögren's syndrome, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, undifferentiated connective tissue disease, dermatomyositis/polymyositis.
8. Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of systemic vasculitides: giant cell arteritis, ANCA-associated vasculitis, Behçet's disease, polyarteritis nodosa, mixed cryoglobulinemia.
9. Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of major extra-articular rheumatism: fibromyalgia syndrome, localized articular rheumatism.
10. Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of osteoporosis.
11. Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of osteoarthritis.
12. Introduction to autoinflammatory diseases.
Teaching methods
Lectures, clinical training activities, elective activities.
Teaching Resources
Unireuma - Reumatologia per Studenti e Medici di Medicina Generale
Curatore: Carlomaurizio Montecucco
Editore: Idelson Gnocchi. IV edizione. Anno edizione: 2021. EAN: 9788879477680
Curatore: Carlomaurizio Montecucco
Editore: Idelson Gnocchi. IV edizione. Anno edizione: 2021. EAN: 9788879477680
General surgery
Course syllabus
Oesophageal diseases of surgical interest;Gastric diseases of surgical interest;
Small bowel diseases of surgical interest; Carcinoids; GIST;
Colon diseases of surgical interest;
Diseases of surgical interest of the exocrine pancreas
Small bowel diseases of surgical interest; Carcinoids; GIST;
Colon diseases of surgical interest;
Diseases of surgical interest of the exocrine pancreas
Teaching methods
Course the teaching way will be performed by the formal lessons, clinical cases and diagnostic tests discussion and with the clinical training in hospital
Teaching Resources
Sabiston textbook of surgery : the biological basis of modern surgical practice di Sabiston, David C; Townsend , Courtney M
Schwartz's Principles of Surgery 11th Edition di F. Charles Brunicardi, Dana K. Andersen, Timothy R. Billiar, David L. Dunn, John G. Hunter, Lillian S. Kao, Jeffrey B. Matthews, Raphael E. Pollock
Schwartz's Principles of Surgery 11th Edition di F. Charles Brunicardi, Dana K. Andersen, Timothy R. Billiar, David L. Dunn, John G. Hunter, Lillian S. Kao, Jeffrey B. Matthews, Raphael E. Pollock
Thoracic surgery
Course syllabus
Primitive and secondary pulmonary cancers. Malignant and inflammatory pleural pathology. Surgical treatment of respiratory failure.
Teaching methods
Course the teaching way will be performed by the formal lessons, clinical cases and diagnostic tests discussion and with the clinical training in hospital
Teaching Resources
Sabiston textbook of surgery: the biological basis of modern surgical practice di Sabiston, David C; Townsend, Courtney M
Modules or teaching units
Endocrinology
MED/13 - ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM - University credits: 4
Lessons: 32 hours
Lessons - Innovative Teaching: 16 hours
Lessons - Innovative Teaching: 16 hours
Gastroenterology
MED/12 - GASTROENTEROLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 32 hours
Lessons - Innovative Teaching: 16 hours
Lessons - Innovative Teaching: 16 hours
Professors:
Dell'Era Alessandra, Maconi Giovanni
General surgery
MED/18 - GENERAL SURGERY - University credits: 1
Lessons: 8 hours
Lessons - Innovative Teaching: 4 hours
Lessons - Innovative Teaching: 4 hours
Professor:
Maffioli Anna
Respiratory diseases
MED/10 - RESPIRATORY DISEASES - University credits: 3
Lessons: 24 hours
Lessons - Innovative Teaching: 12 hours
Lessons - Innovative Teaching: 12 hours
Professor:
Santus Pierachille
Rheumatology
MED/16 - RHEUMATOLOGY - University credits: 3
Lessons: 24 hours
Lessons - Innovative Teaching: 12 hours
Lessons - Innovative Teaching: 12 hours
Professors:
Filippou Georgios, Sarzi Puttini Piercarlo
Thoracic surgery
MED/21 - THORACIC SURGERY - University credits: 1
Lessons: 8 hours
Lessons - Innovative Teaching: 4 hours
Lessons - Innovative Teaching: 4 hours
Professor:
Nosotti Mario
Professor(s)
Reception:
Tuesday 15-17 (on appointment)
IRCCS Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio Hospital, room 109 - III floor