Philosophy of Law and Legal Information Technology

A.Y. 2025/2026
9
Max ECTS
63
Overall hours
SSD
IUS/20
Language
Italian
Learning objectives
Philosophy of law: At the end of the course, the student will be familiar with the main issues of legal theory, and learned adequate argumentative skills at a conceptual level and also acquired skills necessary for a deeper understanding of the philosophical dimension of the main regulatory problems in law.

Legal informatics: At the end of the course the student who has successfully learned the subject will have an in-depth knowledge of the course topics, with the acquisition of a reasoning method suitable for dealing with more specific and complex IT-legal issues than the institutional notions.
Expected learning outcomes
Philosophy of law: - Knowledge of the fundamental concepts of legal theory, acquaintance with the main theories of law and of with the state of the art with respect to ongoing academic debate; - Ability to rework the topics covered in the lessons and to apply theoretical knowledge to concrete situations; - Use of appropriate language in the presentation of problems and in the argumentation for or against a certain choice.

Legal informatics: - 1. Knowledge and understanding The course aims to provide students of sociology of law and philosophy of law with a correct approach to the use of technologies by the jurist ("Legal informatics"), with particular attention to practical use computer and networking for professional purposes, in court, in the typical activity of a law firm or notary, for the corporate lawyer and an understanding of IT-legal issues. Attention will also be devoted to IT-legal issues related to philosophical and sociological problems. 2. Application of knowledge and understanding The acquired notions will be of immediate theoretical and practical use to improve the relationship between the user and the technologies used, and will allow a more accurate understanding of all aspects of a constantly evolving field, especially from a sociological and philosophical point of view. 3. Formulation of judgments The Course will provide students with the ability to choose at any time the correct use of the technologies and the environment in which they will operate, with independent evaluation approaches (and not necessarily linked to the product or software "most used" ") And with constant practical attention to a use of technologies that is useful in the future professional context. 4. Communication skills The course will give students the opportunity to present complex technological and IT-legal issues with language properties and with clarity. 5. Learning skills The course aims to provide students with a concrete improvement in their IT-legal skills with a very rapid learning curve and with the possibility of immediately using the notions learned, even outside the university context.
Single course

This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.

Course syllabus and organization

Single session

Lesson period
First semester
Course syllabus
Course syllabus
A) PHILOSOPHY OF LAW (6 CFU)
"What do the law of the Babylonians have in common with the law in force today in the United States of America? What do the social order of a tribe dominated by a despotic leader and the constitution of the Swiss Republic have in common?" The course will start from these provocative questions of the jurist and philosopher of law Hans Kelsen to introduce the student to a reflection on the nature of law and legal science.
Topics: The questions of the philosophy of law. What is law? What should law be like? Law as a social phenomenon. The evaluation of law in terms of justice, validity, effectiveness. What is a legal norm? Ontology and typology of norms.

B) LEGAL INFORMATICS (3 CFU):
The use of artificial intelligence by the (young) jurist will be addressed in the legal informatics part of the course, with a focus on the following topics: generative AI; hallucinations and errors in AI systems; prompting and the best ways to dialogue and query with systems; AI and legal professions; AI and legal design.
Prerequisites for admission
None. Changes in course must be authorized by both teachers involved, with a request to be made after the start of the course and within the first two weeks of the course.
Teaching methods
Classroom-taught lessons with PPT and presentations by students.
Attandance is optional and strongly recommended.
Teaching Resources
1. Hans Kelsen, Che cos'è la giustizia? Lezioni americane. Macerata, Quodlibet, 2021 (il libro va studiato integralmente).
2. Amedeo Giovanni Conte/Paolo Di Lucia/Luigi Ferrajoli/Mario Jori, Filosofia del diritto. Seconda edizione ampliata: Milano, Raffaello Cortina, 2013. È obbligatorio lo studio della Introduzione al volume (pp. 3-7) e dei seguenti 9 saggi: Giorgio Del Vecchio, La giustizia (pp. 61-78); Gustav Radbruch, Ingiustizia legale e diritto sovralegale (pp. 159-175); Norberto Bobbio, Formalismo giuridico e formalismo etico (pp. 233-252); Eugen Ehrlich, Sociologia del diritto (pp. 51-60); Jerome N. Frank, Realismo giuridico (pp. 101-108); Alf Ross, Norme giuridiche e regole degli scacchi (pp. 265-280); Herbert Hart, Norme primarie, norme secondarie, norma di riconoscimento (pp. 329-343); Antonio Pigliaru, La vendetta barbaricina (pp. 321-328); Miguel Reale, La pena di morte e la non-esperienza della morte (pp. 355-368).
3. G. Ziccardi, Intelligenza artificiale. Guida semplice per il giurista del futuro, Lefebvre Giuffrè, 2025. Il libro va studiato integralmente.
Assessment methods and Criteria
Oral exam, with evaluation expressed in thirties plus possible praise. Evaluation criteria: knowledge of the fundamental concepts of the subject and ability to develop critical reasoning about the subject content.
Modules or teaching units
legal information technology
IUS/20 - PHILOSOPHY OF LAW - University credits: 3
Lessons: 21 hours
Professor: Ziccardi Giovanni

Philosophy of law
IUS/20 - PHILOSOPHY OF LAW - University credits: 6
Lessons: 42 hours

Professor(s)
Reception:
thursday 10:30 - 11:30 (send an email to giovanni.ziccardi@unimi.it)
Dipartimento "Cesare Beccaria"