Physical Chemistry I Laboratory

Goals
The goal of the course is to combine the most significant aspects of chemical thermodynamics with didactic experiments, performed by the students in the laboratory. During the experiments the students measure experimental data and subsequently elaborate them numerically to obtain the requested thermodynamic parameter. The students produce a written report of their work.

Acquired skills
The student becomes familiar with the principles underlying the spontaneous direction of chemical reactions; by experimental measurements he verifies the validity of thermodynamic laws. The student learns further how to treat a series of experimental data and how to prepare a report containing graphs and numerical elaborations.

Course content
The properties of gases. The kinetic theory of gases. The Maxwell-Boltzman distribution. Real gases. The First Law. Work and heat. Thermochemistry. Heat capacity. The Second Law. Entropy changes of specific processes. The Third Law. Heat engines. The Helmoltz and Gibbs energies. The Gibbs-Helmoltz equation. The chemical potential. The thermodynamic description of mixtures. The Gibbs-Duhem equation. Colligative properties. Physical transformation of pure substances. Phase stability and phase transitions. The Clapeyron e Clausius-Clapeyron equations. Chemical equilibrium. The response of equilibria to pressure and temperature. The van't Hoff equation.

Suggested prerequisites
The student should have passed the exams of mathematics and physics

Reference material
P. W. Atkins, J. de Paula - Physical Chemistry - 9th ed. (2011) Oxford University Press.
Teaching material provided by the professor.

Assessment method:
The assessment method is an oral examination combined with the solution of simple exercises. During the exam the student discusses the laboratory experiments and the thermodynamic principles underlying the experiments.

Attendance Policy:
The attendance to the laboratory experiments is compulsory.

Mode of teaching:
Class room lessons and laboratory experiments

Language:
Italian

Goals
The goal of the course is to combine the most significant aspects of chemical thermodynamics with didactic experiments, performed by the students in the laboratory. During the experiments the students measure experimental data and subsequently elaborate them numerically to obtain the requested thermodynamic parameter. The students produce a written report of their work.

Course content
The properties of gases. The kinetic theory of gases. The Maxwell-Boltzman distribution. Real gases. The First Law. Work and heat. Thermochemistry. Heat capacity. The Second Law. Entropy changes of specific processes. The Third Law. Heat engines. The Helmoltz and Gibbs energies. The Gibbs-Helmoltz equation. The chemical potential. The thermodynamic description of mixtures. The Gibbs-Duhem equation. Colligative properties. Physical transformation of pure substances. Phase stability and phase transitions. The Clapeyron e Clausius-Clapeyron equations. Chemical equilibrium. The response of equilibria to pressure and temperature. The van't Hoff equation.

Suggested prerequisites
The student should have passed the exams of mathematics and physics

Reference material
- P. W. Atkins, J. de Paula - Physical Chemistry - 9th ed. (2011) Oxford University Press.
- Teaching material provided by the professor.

Assessment method
The assessment method is an oral examination combined with the solution of simple exercises. During the exam the student discusses the laboratory experiments and the thermodynamic principles underlying the experiments.

Attendance Policy
The attendance to the laboratory experiments is compulsory.

Mode of teaching
Class room lessons and laboratory experiments

Language
Italian