Physical Chemistry of Formulations
A.Y. 2018/2019
Learning objectives
The aim of the course is to provide the student with the physical chemistry notions useful to interpret the behaviour of formulations, considering both fundamental and applicative aspects. Separate disciplines, in particular of colloid, surface chemistry and process technology, play a role in the formulation of an active ingredient into its commercial form
Expected learning outcomes
The program will allow the student to understand the principles of making finished products of a wide range of applications from a blend of different individual ingredients. The lectures are designed to train the student in understanding interactions between polymer, solvent, and surfactant molecules with particles, droplets and surfaces. The acquired skills can be divided into three groups: 1. integrate knowledge of the diverse range of chemistry/physics sub-disciplines (such as colloid science, tenside chemistry, rheology and fluid flow, etc) focusing on the thermodynamical and kinetic aspects of stabilization; 2. define a problem, identify potential alternatives, gather appropriate knowledge and information to formulate and articulate a solution for real industrial cases; 3. think critically and be able to evaluate, design, and conduct research in the formulation field, studying the basic raw materials and their influences on the performance of the finished formulation.
Lesson period: First semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Lesson period
First semester
Course syllabus
Goals
The goal of the course is to combine the most significant aspects of chemical thermodynamics with didactic experiments, performed by the students in the laboratory. During the experiments the students measure experimental data and subsequently elaborate them numerically to obtain the requested thermodynamic parameter. The students produce a written report of their work.
Acquired skills
The student becomes familiar with the principles underlying the spontaneous direction of chemical reactions; by experimental measurements he verifies the validity of thermodynamic laws. The student learns further how to treat a series of experimental data and how to prepare a report containing graphs and numerical elaborations.
Course content
The properties of gases. The kinetic theory of gases. The Maxwell-Boltzman distribution. Real gases. The First Law. Work and heat. Thermochemistry. Heat capacity. The Second Law. Entropy changes of specific processes. The Third Law. Heat engines. The Helmoltz and Gibbs energies. The Gibbs-Helmoltz equation. The chemical potential. The thermodynamic description of mixtures. The Gibbs-Duhem equation. Colligative properties. Physical transformation of pure substances. Phase stability and phase transitions. The Clapeyron e Clausius-Clapeyron equations. Chemical equilibrium. The response of equilibria to pressure and temperature. The van't Hoff equation.
During the Experimental Laboratory physico-chemical parameters are determined (ΔU, ΔH, equilibrium constants, CMC of surfactants) through the elaboration of different measurements (calorimetry, spectrophotometry, conductivity, vapor tension) on the grounds of thermodynamic relations.
Suggested prerequisites
The student should have passed the exams of mathematics and physics
Reference material
P. W. Atkins, J. de Paula - Physical Chemistry - 9th ed. (2011) Oxford University Press.
Teaching material provided by the professor.
Assessment method:
The assessment method is an oral examination combined with the solution of simple exercises. During the exam the student discusses the laboratory experiments and the thermodynamic principles underlying the experiments. The final mark is also determined by the evaluation of the Laboratory Relation.
Attendance Policy:
The attendance to the laboratory experiments is compulsory.
Mode of teaching:
Class room lessons and laboratory experiments
Website:
http://ariel.unimi.it
The goal of the course is to combine the most significant aspects of chemical thermodynamics with didactic experiments, performed by the students in the laboratory. During the experiments the students measure experimental data and subsequently elaborate them numerically to obtain the requested thermodynamic parameter. The students produce a written report of their work.
Acquired skills
The student becomes familiar with the principles underlying the spontaneous direction of chemical reactions; by experimental measurements he verifies the validity of thermodynamic laws. The student learns further how to treat a series of experimental data and how to prepare a report containing graphs and numerical elaborations.
Course content
The properties of gases. The kinetic theory of gases. The Maxwell-Boltzman distribution. Real gases. The First Law. Work and heat. Thermochemistry. Heat capacity. The Second Law. Entropy changes of specific processes. The Third Law. Heat engines. The Helmoltz and Gibbs energies. The Gibbs-Helmoltz equation. The chemical potential. The thermodynamic description of mixtures. The Gibbs-Duhem equation. Colligative properties. Physical transformation of pure substances. Phase stability and phase transitions. The Clapeyron e Clausius-Clapeyron equations. Chemical equilibrium. The response of equilibria to pressure and temperature. The van't Hoff equation.
During the Experimental Laboratory physico-chemical parameters are determined (ΔU, ΔH, equilibrium constants, CMC of surfactants) through the elaboration of different measurements (calorimetry, spectrophotometry, conductivity, vapor tension) on the grounds of thermodynamic relations.
Suggested prerequisites
The student should have passed the exams of mathematics and physics
Reference material
P. W. Atkins, J. de Paula - Physical Chemistry - 9th ed. (2011) Oxford University Press.
Teaching material provided by the professor.
Assessment method:
The assessment method is an oral examination combined with the solution of simple exercises. During the exam the student discusses the laboratory experiments and the thermodynamic principles underlying the experiments. The final mark is also determined by the evaluation of the Laboratory Relation.
Attendance Policy:
The attendance to the laboratory experiments is compulsory.
Mode of teaching:
Class room lessons and laboratory experiments
Website:
http://ariel.unimi.it
CHIM/02 - PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY - University credits: 6
Lessons: 48 hours
Professor:
Cappelletti Giuseppe
Professor(s)
Reception:
To be arrenged
Personal Office (3112, Dept of Chemistry, Third floor, Western Section)